Verb as Complement, Affirmative Agreement & Negative Agreement

Verb As Complemet

Gerund adalah suatu kata yang dibentuk dari verb dengan ditambahkan suffix -ing dan berfungsi sebagai noun. Walaupun berfungsi sebagai noun namun masih bertingkah seperti verb jika berada di dalam frasanya (gerund phrase), seperti: diikuti direct object jika gerund berasal dari transitive verb atau dibatasi maknanya dengan adverb.

Kata ini merupakan verbal, yaitu suatu kata yang dibentuk dari kata kerja, namun berfungsi sebagai part of speech lain. Verbal yang lain yaitu infinitive dan participle. Seperti verbal lainnya, kata ini lebih umum untuk menamai action (aksi) atau state of being (keadaan).

Berikut adalah verbs yang langsung diikuti oleh gerund (Verb + Gerund).

Admit	Appreciate	Avoid	Can’t help	consider
Delay	Deny	Enjoy	Finish	Mind
Miss	Postpone	Practice	Quit	Recal
Report	Resent	Resist	Resume	Risk
Suggest

Contoh :

•         John admited stealing the jewels
•         We enjoyed seeing them again after so many years

1. Verb + Gerund
Pola :

S + V + Gerund

Contoh :
- They avoid discussing too much.
- She enjoys talking about the topic.

2. Adjective + Gerund
Pola :

S + To Be + Adjective + Gerund

Contoh :
- We are busy finishing the school report.
- The book is worth reading.

3. Preposition + Gerund
Pola :

S + V + Gerund + to + Gerund

Contoh :
- They prefer dancing to singing.
- He prefers playing badminton to football.

Pola

Preposition + Gerund + S + V

Contoh :
- Before watching TV, they have to finish their task.
- After reading the letter, he looked very sad.

4. Prepositional phrase + Gerund
Pola :

S + V + Preposition + Gerund

Contoh :
- They keep on discussing about the problem.
- She is thinking of sending a letter of complaint.

5. Object + Gerund
Pola :

S + V + O + Gerund

Contoh :
- They don't mind you talking too much.
- She likes her telling the case.

6. Infinitive + Gerund
Pola :

S + V-inf + Gerund

Contoh :
- They go fishing with their friends.
- He goes climbing the mountain.

Infinitives adalah bentuk dasar dari verbs. Dalam bahasa inggris, penulisan infinitives biasanya diawali dengan “to”. Misalnya: to read, to walk, to give, dan seterusnya. Meskipun pada umumnya infinitive diawali dengan “to”, akan tetapi ada beberapainfinitive tanpa “to”, biasanya disebut dengan “bare infinitive”. Contoh: “Help me open the window”.

Beberapa verb (kata kerja) lazim yang dapat diikuti oleh “infinitives” adalah sebagai berikut:

hope to, plan to, advise to, command to, compel to, encourage to, intend to, decide to,promise to, agree to, offer to, refuse to, seem to, appear to, pretend to, ask to, expect to,would like to, want to, need to, forbid to, force to, beg to, instruct to, invite to, order to, etc.

Untuk lebih jelasnya, silahkan perhatikan rumus penggunaan to infinitive di bawah ini.

Subject + Verb + to infinitive

Contoh kalimat: I want to study English. (Saya ingin belajar bahasa inggris) He refused to go. (Ia menolak pergi) I hope to see you again. (Saya berharap bertemu kamu lagi) The driver was ordered to stop. (Pengemudi itu diperintahkan untuk berhenti) I expect to pass the test. (Saya berharap lolos tes) We’re going out for dinner. Would you like to join us? (Kita akan pergi keluar untuk makan malam. Maukah kamu bergabung dengan kita?)

Affirmative Agreement

Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata“so” atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so”dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:

Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari“to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:

I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.
You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.

Affirmative statement (to be) + and +	Subject + to be + too
	So + to be + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.
I am sick, and He is too.
Our class is clean, and so are theirs.
Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.
My hand writing is bad, and so are you.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:

He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.
The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.

Affirmative statement + and +        (auxiliary verb)	Subject + auxiliary verb only +too
	So + auxiliary verb only + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
They will go at noon, and she will too.
He has an early appointment, and so have I.
They have written their lyrics, and so have we.
Richard has lived in Cuba for five years, and they have too.
I should finish the report, and she should too.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause) dan tensesnya harus sama. Contohnya:

We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.
My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.

Affirmative statement + and + (single verb except ”to be”)	Subject + (do, does, did) + too
	So + (do, does, did) + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.
My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.
My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.
They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.

Negative Agreement

“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata“Either” dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja). Contohnya:

I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.
I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.

Negative statement + and +	Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either
	Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.
we can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.
You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.
My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.
He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.

Source :

• http://wawmepuspitawati.blogspot.co.id/2014/05/gerund-infinitives-affirmative.html
• http://azharibrianaristya.blogspot.co.id/2014/05/affirmative-agreement-and-negative.html
• http://nikenwp.blogspot.co.id/2015/04/verb-as-complement.html
• http://prakosoteguh.blogspot.co.id/2018/04/verb-as-complement-affirmative.html